A history of ancient philosophy /

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Bibliographic Details
Author / Creator:	Reale, Giovanni
Uniform title:	Storia della filosofia antica. English
Imprint:	Albany : State University of New York Press, c1985-1990.
Description:	4 v. ; 24 cm.
Language:	English Italian
Subject:	Philosophy, Ancient -- History Philosophy, Ancient.
Format:	Print Book
URL for this record:	http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/742788

Hidden Bibliographic Details
Other authors / contributors:	Catan, John R.
ISBN:	0887060277 (v. 3) 0887060080 (pbk. : v. 3)
Notes:	Translation of: Storia della filosofia antica. Includes bibliographies and indexes.

Table of Contents:

Foreword
Preface to the American Edition
Translator's Preface
The Systems of the Hellenistic Age
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Hellenistic Age
1. The spiritual consequences of the revolution produced by Alexander the Great
2. The development and diffusion of the cosmopolitan ideal
3. The discovery of the individual
4. The equalization of Greeks and barbarians and the breakdown of ancient ethnic prejudices
5. The transformation of Hellenic culture into Hellenistic culture
6. The addition in breadth and the loss in depth of Hellenistic philosophy
7. The revival of the Socratic spirit
8. The ideal of autarcheia
9. The ideal of ataraxy
10. The ideal of the Sage
11. The deification of the founders of the great systems of the Hellenistic Age
First Part. The Decline Of The Minor Socratic Schools And The Schools Of Plato And Aristotle
First Section. The Development Of The Minor Socratic Schools And The Reasons For Their Decline And Disappearance
I. Diogenes "The Dog" and the Development of Cynicism
1. Diogenes and the radicalization of Cynicism
2. Parrhesia and anaideia
3. The practice of discipline (askesis) and work (ponos)
4. Autarcheia and apatheia
5. Diogenes and the Hellenistic Age
6. Crates of Thebes and other followers of Diogenes
7. Cynicism up to the end of the Pagan Era
8. The value and limits of Cynicism
II. The Decline and End of the Cyrenaic School
1. The development and diffusion of Cyrenaicism
2. Hegesias and his followers
3. Anniceris and his followers
4. Theodorus and his followers
5. The end of Cyrenaicism
III. The Dialectical Developments of the Megaric School and its Dissolution
1. The development of the Megaric doctrines and their characteristics
2. Eubulides and the Megaric "paradoxes"
3. Diodorus Cronos and the polemic against the Aristotelian notion of "potency"
4. Stilpo and the final affirmations of Megaricism
5. The end of the Megaric school
IV. The Rapid Dissoultion of the Elean-Eretrian School
Second Section. The First Academy And The Rapid Destruction Of The Achievements Of The "Second Voyage"
I. The Platonic Academy, its Aim, its Organization, and its Rapid Decline
II. Eudoxus of Cnidus, an Astronomer Guest of the Academy
1. The immanent nature of the Ideas
2. The hedonism of Eudoxus
III. Heraclides, Ponticus, Head of the Academy during the Absence of Plato
1. The neglect of intelligible reality
2. The conception of the soul
3. The rejection of the geocentric view
IV. Speusippus, First Successor to Plato
1. The rejection of the Platonic Ideas
2. The levels of reality
3. The highest principles of reality
4. Knowledge
5. Ethics
V. Xenocrates, Second Successor to Plato
1. The tripartition of philosophy
2. The doctrine of knowledge
3. Physics (the doctrine of the principles)
4. The religious interpretation of the cosmos
5. Ethics
VI. The Final Representatives of the Old Academy: Polemon, Crates, and Crantor
1. Polemon
2. Crates
3. Crantor
VII. Conclusions Concerning the Old Academy
Third Section. The First Peripatos And The Rapid Loss Of The Meaning Of The Metaphysical Dimension
I. The Aristotelian Peripatos, its Organization, and its Rapid Decline
II. Theophrastus and the Loss of the Speculative Component
1. Metaphysics
2. Physics and psychology
3. Logic
4. Ethics
5. Conclusions concerning Theophrastus
III. The Other Immediate Followers to Aristotle: Eudemus, Dicaearchus, Aristoxenus
1. Eudemus
2. Dicaearchus
3. Aristoxenus of Tarantum
IV. Strato of Lampsacus, Second Successor to Aristotle
1. Physics
2. Psychology
V. Conclusions Concerning the First Peripatos
Second Part. Epicureanism From Its Origins To The End Of The Pagan Era
First Section. EPICURUS AND THE FOUNDING OF THE GARDEN
I. The Development and Characteristics of the Garden
1. The polemic of Epicurus against Plato and Aristotle
2. The rejection of the "second voyage"
3. The renewal of atomism and the Eleatic categories fundamentally connected to it
4. The relations between Epicurus, Socrates, and the minor Socratics
5. The predominant role of ethics
6. The purpose of the Garden and its originality
II. The Epicurean Canonic
1. The "Canonic" as determining the criteria of truth
2. Sensation and its absolute validity
3. Prolepses or anticipations and language
4. The feelings of pleasure and pain
5. Opinion
6. Aporias and limits of the Epicurean canonic
III. Epicurean Physics
1. The ontological foundations: the characteristics of reality as such, bodies, the void, and the infinite
2. The atoms
3. The structural characteristics of the atom
4. The doctrine of the "minima"
5. The structural characteristics of the void
6. Movement
7. The "clinaman" or "swerve" of the atoms
8. The universe and infinite worlds
9. Celestial phenomena and their multiple explanations
10. Soul, its materiality and mortality
11. The likenesses and knowledge
12. The conception of the Gods and the Divine
IV. Epicurean Ethics
1. Pleasure as the foundation of ethics
2. Reform as Cyrenaic hedonism
3. The hierarchy of pleasures and wisdom
4. Epicurean asceticism and autarcheia
5. The absolute character of pleasure
6. The relative character of pain
7. Death is nothing for human beings
8. Epicurean virtue and Socratic intellectualism
9. The devaluation of the State and political life and the elevation of the "hidden life"
10. Friendship
11. The fourfold remedy and the ideal of wisdom
V. The followers of and Successors to Epicurus
Second Section. The Spread Of Epicureanism At Rome And Lucretius
I. The First Attempts to Introduce Epicureanism at Rome and the Circle of Philodemus
1. The attempt of Alceus and Philiscus and its failure
2. The attempt of Amafinius
3. The circle of Philodemus
II. Lucretius and Epicurean Doctrine Presented through Elevated Poetry
1. The inadequacy of some judgments concerning Lucretius
2. The initial pessimism and the victory of reason in Lucretius and Epicurus
3. The truth which eases pain and produces peace
4. The principles of true Epicureanism and the poem of Lucretius
5. Pity through pain in the poem of Lucretius
6. The significance of life and death
Third Part. Stoicism From Its Origins To The End Of The Pagan Era
First Section. Ancient Stoicism
I. Zeno, the Foundation of the Stoa, and the Different Phases of Stoicism
1. The meeting of Zeno with Crates and with Socraticism
2. The rejection of the "second voyage"
3. The reinterpretation of Heraclitus and the concept of "physis" as fire-maker
4. Relations with Epicurus
5. The origin of the Stoa and its development
II. The Tripartition of Philosophy and the Logos
III. The Logic of the Ancient Stoa
1. The role and the articulations of Stoic logic
2. The criteria of truth: sensation and cataleptic presentation
3. Intellectual knowledge, prolepses, and universal concepts
4. The "expressibles" and their "incorporeity"
5. Dialectic
6. Rhetoric
7. Conclusions: the relations between logic and reality
IV. The Physics of the Ancient Stoa
1. The characteristics of Stoic physics and its relation to Epicurean physics
2. The materialism and corporealism of the Stoa
3. Pantheistic monism
4. The ontological emptying of the incorporeal
5. The further determination of the Stoic coneception of God and the Divine
6. Finality and Providence (Pronoia)
7. Fate (Heimarmene)
8. Necessity and Liberty
9. The cosmos and man's place in it
10. The universal conflagration and the eternal return
11. Man
12. The destiny of the soul
V. The Ethics of the Ancient Stoa
1. The logos as the foundation of ethics
2. The primary instinct
3. The principle of the evaluations: good, evils, and indifferents
4. Relative values: "preferables" and "non-preferables"
5. Virtue and happiness
6. Virtue as science, its unity and multiplicity
7. The identity of virtues in all rational beings
8. Correct action (katorthoma)
9. Duty (kathekon)
10. Eternal law and the law of nature
11. Cosmopolitanism
12. Passions and apatheia
13. The ideal of wisdom
Second Section. Middle Stoicism
I. The Middle Stoicism of Panaetius
1. The new direction imposed on the Stoa by Panaetius
2. Innovations in the physical doctrines of the ancient Stoa
3. Psychological doctrines
4. Ethics and politics
5. The rejection of apatheia
6. The humanism of Panaetius and the significance of his philosophy
II. The Middle Stoicism of Posidonius
1. The Posidonian problem
2. The characteristics of Posidonian Stoicism
3. Physics
4. Anthropology and morality
5. The destiny of the soul
6. Conclusions concerning Posidonius
Fourth Part. Scepticism And Eclecticism From Their Origins To The End Of The Pagan Era
First Section. Pyrrhonian Scepticism And The Scepticism Of The Academy
I. The Moral Scepsis of Pyrrho and Pyrrhonism
1. The origin of the Sceptic movement
2. Pyrrho and the revolution of Alexander
3. The meeting with the East and the influence of Gymnosophists
4. The influence of the Megarics and the Atomists
5. The radical overturning of ontology
6. Pyrrhonism as a practical system of wisdom and its three fundamental rules
7. The nature of things as undifferentiated appearance and the nature of the divine and the good
8. The attitude that man must assume towards things: indifference and abstention from judgment
9. The attainment of aphasia, ataraxia, and apatheia
10. The successors to Pyrrho, with special regard to Timon
II. Sceptic Tendencies in the Academy of Arcesilaus
1. The "second Academy"
2. The dialectical basis of the scepticism of Arcesilaus
3. The epoche of Arcesilaus
4. The doctrine of the eulogon or the "reasonable"
5. The so-called "esoteric dogmatism" of Arcesilaus
6. The aporetic nature and the limits of the Scepticism of Arcesilaus
III. Further Affirmations of Scepticism in the Academy with Carneades
1. The "third Academy"
2. Criticism of the Stoic criterion of truth
3. The doctrine of pithanon or "probability"
4. The evaluation of the position of Carneades
Second Section. The Eclecticism Of The Academy And Cicero
I. Reasons for and Characteristics of Eclecticism
II. Philo of Larissa and the Fourth Academy
1. The five Academies
2. The originality of Philo
3. From dialectical probabilism to positive probabilism
4. The origins of evidence
5. Ethics
III. Antiochus of Ascalon and the Fifth Academy
1. The position of Antiochus
2. Criticism of Academic scepticism
3. Logic, physics, and ethics
IV. Cicero and the Eclecticism of the Academy in Rome
1. The philosophical position of Cicero
2. The eclectic probabilism of Cicero
3. Logic: the criterion of truth
4. Physics, theology, and psychology
5. Ethics
Conclusions about the Philosophical Systems of the Hellenistic Age
I. The Prejudices which Impeded the Correct Understanding and Adequate Evaluation of the Hellenistic Systems
II. The Significance of the Philosophy of the Hellenistic Age
Abbreviations
Notes
Bibliography
Index of Names Cited
Index of Greek Terms Cited
Index of Citations of Classical Sources

A history of ancient philosophy /

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