Drug testing in vitro : breakthroughs and trends in cell culture technology /

Drug testing in vitro : breakthroughs and trends in cell culture technology /

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Bibliographic Details
Imprint:Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, c2007.
Description:xix, 298 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 25 cm.
Language:English
Subject:
Drugs -- Testing.
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical.
Cell Culture Techniques.
Cell culture.
Drugs -- Testing.
Format: Print Book
URL for this record:http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/6276096
Hidden Bibliographic Details
Other authors / contributors:Marx, Uwe.
Sandig, Volker.
ISBN:9783527314881
Notes:Includes bibliographical references and index.
Table of Contents:
  • Foreword
  • Preface
  • List of Contributors
  • Part I. Emerging In-Vitro Culture Technologies
  • 1. Intelligent Biomatrices and Engineered Tissue Constructs: In-Vitro Models for Drug Discovery and Toxicity Testing
  • 1.1. Introduction
  • 1.2. Intelligent Biomaterials and Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
  • 1.2.1. Synthetic Materials
  • 1.2.2. Natural Biomaterials
  • 1.3. Fabrication of Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
  • 1.3.1. Electrospinning
  • 1.3.2. Controlled Lyophilization
  • 1.3.3. Acellularization
  • 1.4. Progress and Achievements in Liver Tissue Engineering
  • 1.4.1. The Liver
  • 1.4.2. Scaffolds for Liver Tissue Engineering
  • 1.4.3. Pharmaceutical Applications of Tissue-Engineered Liver Models
  • 1.4.4. Conclusions and Novel Trends in Liver Tissue Engineering
  • 1.5. Cardiac Tissue Engineering: Cells and Models
  • 1.5.1. Cardiac Tissue Engineering
  • 1.5.2. Cells used in Cardiac Tissue Engineering
  • 1.5.3. Culture Models of Cardiac Tissue-Engineered Constructs
  • 1.5.4. Specific Scaffolds Developed for Cardiac Tissue Engineering
  • 1.6. In-Vitro-Engineered Pulmonary Tissue Models: Progress and Challenges
  • 1.6.1. Lung Tissue Engineering: The Current State of Play
  • 1.6.2. Existing In-Vitro Pulmonary Cell and Tissue Culture Biological Models
  • 1.6.3. Potential of Alveolar Tissue Models as Disease Models in Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • 1.6.4. The Future: Toward Engineered 3D Alveolar Tissue for Cell Therapy and Pharmacological Models
  • 1.7. In-Vitro Models of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
  • 1.7.1. The BBB, a Neurovascular Physiological Unit: The Concept
  • 1.7.2. In-Vitro BBB Models: Cells and Devices
  • 1.7.3. BBB In-Vitro Models: From First to Third Generation; the Biological Approach
  • 1.7.4. Trends in Tissue Engineering: Realistic In-Vitro BBB Pharmacological Models
  • 1.7.5. Conclusions for BBB In-Vitro Models
  • References
  • 2. An Overview on Bioreactor Design, Prototyping and Process Control for Reproducible Three-Dimensional Tissue Culture
  • 2.1. Introduction
  • 2.2. Important Aspects for Bioreactor Design
  • 2.3. Culture Systems and Bioreactors Used in Tissue Engineering
  • 2.4. The Operation of Bioreactors
  • 2.5. 3D Systems Used for Drug Testing
  • 2.6. Modeling of Bioreactor Systems for Tissue Engineering
  • 2.7. The Artificial Immune System
  • 2.7.1. Matrices
  • 2.7.2. Microenvironment
  • 2.7.3. Monitoring
  • 2.8. Conclusions
  • References
  • 3. An Overview on Bioelectronic and Biosensoric Microstructures Supporting High-Content Screening in Cell Cultures
  • 3.1. The Potential of Drug Development and Demand on High-Content Screening Systems
  • 3.1.1. Post-Genomics or Proteomics: An Analysis of Manifold Systems and Functional Monitoring of Drugs
  • 3.1.2. Pharmaceutical Research and High-Technology Platforms in the Biohybrid Technology Field
  • 3.1.3. Synergy of Microchip Technology and Living Cells
  • 3.2. Microfabrication Techniques to Generate Miniaturized Chip Components
  • 3.3. Microelectrode-Based Techniques for Analyzing Cellular Parameters: Possible Use of Real-Time and HTS of Drugs Without Labeling
  • 3.3.1. Impedance Spectroscopy: Screening the Cellular Parameters of Electrophysiologically Inactive Cells
  • 3.3.2. Intracellular Recording of Electroactive Cells: Chip-Based, Automated Patch-Clamp Recording
  • 3.3.3. Extracellular Recording of Electrically Excitable Cells: Multiple Site Recording of Field Potentials by MEAs
  • 3.4. Concluding Remarks: Secondary Screening for Safety and Cost-Effective Drug Testing and Discovery
  • References
  • 4. Novel In-Vitro Exposure Techniques for Toxicity Testing and Biomonitoring of Airborne Contaminants
  • 4.1. Introduction
  • 4.2. The Inhalation of Air Contaminants
  • 4.3. Toxicological Assessment
  • 4.4. In-Vitro Toxicological Studies
  • 4.5. Applications of In-Vitro Test Methods
  • 4.5. In-Vitro Toxicity Endpoints
  • 4.7. In-Vitro Toxicity Testing of Air Contaminants
  • 4.7.1. Indirect Methods
  • 4.7.2. Direct Methods
  • 4.8. Conclusions
  • References
  • Part II. Primary Tissues and Cell Lines in Drug Screening/Testing
  • 5. Drug Screening Using Cell Lines: Cell Supply, High-Throughput and High-Content Assays
  • 5.1. Introduction
  • 5.2. Cell Lines for HTS
  • 5.2.1. Selection of the Most Suitable Cell Line
  • 5.2.2. Optimizing Cell Cultivation
  • 5.2.2.1. Adherence
  • 5.2.2.2. pH and Temperature
  • 5.2.2.3. Media and Additives
  • 5.2.2.4. Solvent Tolerance
  • 5.2.2.5. Cell Density
  • 5.2.3. Optimizing the Reproducibility of Seeding
  • 5.2.3.1. Signal Shift
  • 5.2.3.2. Edge Effect
  • 5.2.4. Cell Production and Plate Delivery
  • 5.2.4.1. The Amount of Cells Needed
  • 5.2.4.2. Cell Storage
  • 5.3. Conventional Cellular Screening Assays
  • 5.3.1. General HTS Assay Prerequisites
  • 5.3.2. Evaluation of Assay Quality
  • 5.3.3. ELISA-Based Assays
  • 5.3.4. Radiometric Cellular Assays
  • 5.3.5. Reporter Gene Assays
  • 5.3.6. Second Messenger Assays
  • 5.3.7. Ion Channel Assays
  • 5.4. The Definition of High-Content Screening
  • 5.4.1. Instrumentation for HCS
  • 5.4.2. Reagents (Fluorescent Probes) for HCS
  • 5.4.2.1. Low-Molecular-Weight Fluorophores
  • 5.4.2.2. Genetically Encoded Reporter for Fluorescence Detection
  • 5.4.3. Assays and Target-Based Applications of HCS
  • 5.4.3.1. GPCRs
  • 5.4.3.2. Kinases
  • 5.4.3.3. Other Drug Targets
  • 5.4.4. HCS Applications Targeting Generic Cellular Parameters and Morphology
  • 5.5. Outlook
  • References
  • 6. Cell Lines and Primary Tissues for In-Vitro Evaluation of Vaccine Efficacy
  • 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.2. Measurement of Antigen Expression
  • 6.3. Post-Vaccination Testing
  • 6.3.1. Ex-Vivo Detection of Antigen-Specific T Cells
  • 6.3.1.1. ELISPOT Assay
  • 6.3.1.2. Cytokine Capture Assay and Intracellular Cytokine Staining
  • 6.3.1.3. Measurement of T-Cell Cytotoxicity
  • 6.3.2. Current Knowledge on T-Cell Responses in Vaccine Trials
  • 6.4. Future Directions
  • References
  • 7. Designer Cells Derived from Primary Tissue and Designed Cell Lines as a Sustainable Cell Source for Drug Discovery and Safety Assessment
  • 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.2. Suitability and Limitations of Primary Cells as Physiologic Models
  • 7.3. Tumor Cell Lines: Sometimes an Alternative
  • 7.4. Immortalization by Design: Infinite Proliferation and a Differentiated Phenotype?
  • 7.4.1. Telomerase: the Primary Target in Human Cells
  • 7.4.2. Inactivation of Rb and p53 Pathways
  • 7.4.3. Conditional Immortalization
  • 7.5. Designed Cells in Complex Drug Tests
  • 7.5.1. Cell Properties Required for Complex Screening Systems
  • 7.5.2. Complex Designer Cells in Screens
  • 7.5.3. Viruses and Host Cells in Drug Tests
  • 7.5.4. Viruses and Designed Host Cells
  • 7.5.5. Defined Viral and Cellular Pathways and Designed Host Cells
  • 7.5.6. Virus Field Isolates and Designed Host Cells
  • 7.5.7. Designed Viruses and Designed Host Cells
  • 7.5.8. Designed Host Cells Combined
  • References
  • 8. How Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Can Impact In-Vitro Drug Screening Technologies of the Future
  • 8.1. Introduction
  • 8.2. First Excursion: Protein Surrogate Biomarker Signatures
  • 8.3. Second Excursion: Validation
  • 8.4. Reproductive Toxicology and In-Vitro Tests
  • 8.5. Reproductive Toxicology and hESC
  • 8.6. Efficacy and Mode of Action Studies: Systems Biology Using Embryonic Stem Cell-Based Screening Systems
  • 8.7. Conclusions and Outlook
  • References
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