Racism in the United States : implications for the helping professions /
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| Author / Creator: | Miller, Joshua. |
|---|---|
| Imprint: | Belmont, Calif. : Thomson Brooks/Cole, c2008. |
| Description: | xxviii, 324 p. ; 25 cm. |
| Language: | English |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/6240171 |
Table of Contents:
- Preface
- Acknowledgment
- Introduction: Racism in the United States: Implications for the Helping Professions
- Chapter 1. Background: Social Identity and Situating Ourselves
- Social Identity
- Situating Ourselves
- Power, Privilege, and Social Identity
- Comfort Zones, Learning Edges, Triggers, and Creating a Context for Learning
- Setting Guidelines
- Journal Writing
- Creating a Safe Environment
- Conclusion
- Exercise 1.1. Social Identity
- Exercise 1.2. Exploring Triggers
- Exercise 1.3. Racial Identity Formation
- Chapter 2. What Is Racism?
- How Race and Racism Have Been Conceptualized
- Historical Underpinnings
- The Western Concept of Race
- Theories about Racism
- Ethnicity Theories
- Race Relations Theories
- Theories of Prejudice
- Structural Theories of Racism
- Critical Race Theory
- The Contours of Racism
- Levels of Racism
- Direct and Indirect Racism
- Intentional and Unintentional Racism
- Sites of Racism
- Frequency and Magnitude of Racism
- The Spectrum of Racism
- Intrapersonal
- Interpersonal
- Intergroup
- Institutional
- Official and State
- Extreme, State Sanctioned
- Conclusion
- Exercise 2.1. Applying the Spectrum of Racism
- Chapter 3. A Brief History of Racism in the United States and Implications for the Helping Professions
- The Racial Contract
- Native Americans
- African Americans
- Latinos/Hispanics
- Asian Americans
- Factors Common to Anti-Immigrant Racism
- White Ethnic Groups
- Push and Pull Factors
- Discrimination Against White Ethnic Groups
- Ethnicity and Race
- Liminality
- Racism and the Helping Professions in Historical Perspective
- Progressive Era
- The New Deal
- The Civil Rights Movement and the Great Society
- Conclusion
- Exercise 3.1. Differential Group Experience
- Chapter 4. The Web of Institutional Racism
- The Nature of the Web of Racism
- Residential Racism: Neighborhoods and Housing
- Educational Racism: Public, Private, and Higher Education
- Employment Racism
- Racism and Wealth Accumulation and Upward Mobility
- Environmental and Health Racism
- Mental Health Racism
- Access
- Services Offered
- Who Provides Treatment
- The Structure of Services
- Theoretical Biases
- Racism in Clinical Encounters
- Racism in the Criminal Justice System
- Political Racism
- Media Racism
- Implications of the Web of Racism for the Helping Professions
- Conclusion
- Exercise 4.1. The Web of Racism and Passports of Privilege
- Chapter 5. Why Is It so Difficult for People with Privilege to See Racism?
- Consciousness
- Invisible Knapsacks of Privilege
- Socialization into White Privilege
- The Role of the Family
- The Discourse of Denigration and the Creation of Other
- Renounced Targets
- Triangulation
- Stereotypes and What Can Be Done about Them
- Sources of Resistance
- Consequences of Unexamined Stereotypes
- Confronting Stereotypes
- Conclusion
- Exercise 5.1. Personal Audit
- Exercise 5.2. Confronting Stereotypes
- Chapter 6. Social Identity Formation and Group Membership
- Identity
- Racial and Ethnic Identity Theory
- Multiracial/Biracial Identity Development
- Theoretical Assumptions
- Conceptual Expansions of Ethnic and Racial Identity Theory
- Multidimensional Social Identity Development
- Assumptions
- Axes of Social Identity
- Dimensions
- Lifespan Context
- Environmental Context
- Resolutions/Stances
- Social Identity Development Phases
- Targeted Identity
- Agent Identity
- Identity and Intergroup Relations
- What Can Prevent or Alleviate Intergroup Conflict?
- Implications for the Helping Professions
- Conclusion
- Exercise 6.1. Multidimensional Social Identity Exercise
- Chapter 7. Intersectionality, Racism and Other Forms of Social Oppression
- Common Aspects of Social Oppression
- Tilly's Model of Categorical Inequalities
- Bell's Features of Social Oppression
- Racism and Class Oppression
- Race and Class Visibility
- Race, Class, and Politics
- Interaction of Race and Class Today
- Racism and Sexism
- Social Consequences of Racism and Sexism
- Social Roles and Social Identity
- Racism and Heterosexism
- Heterosexism
- The Interaction of Racism and Heterosexism
- Immigration and Racism
- Dynamics of Immigration
- Significant Legislation
- Immigration and Racism Today
- Conclusion
- Exercise 7.1. Intersectionality
- Chapter 8. Racial Dialogue: Talking about Race and Racism
- Why Undertake Racial Dialogues?
- Why Is Racial Dialogue so Challenging?
- Conducting Successful Racial Dialogues
- Important Dimensions of Dialogue
- Models and Stages of Intergroup Dialogue
- Managing Effective Racial Dialogues
- Racial Reconciliation and Inter-Racial Justice
- Recognition
- Responsibility
- Reconstruction
- Reparation
- Conclusion
- Exercise 8.1. Preparing for Dialogue
- Chapter 9. Responses to Racism in the Community
- Millville
- Snapshots of Millville Residents
- Racism in Millville
- The Dynamics of Racism in Communities
- Structural/Institutional Racism
- Political Power
- Social Identity and Group Membership
- The Phenomenology of Community Racism
- Social Cohesion and Community Integrity
- Responding to Racism in the Community
- Public Dialogue
- Re-Storying the Community
- Structural Interventions
- Generating Social Capital in the Quest for Community Integrity
- Anti-Racism Work in the Community
- Assessment and Prioritization
- Working with Existing Groups and Organizations
- Working in Coalitions
- Disruptive Strategies
- Participatory Efforts
- Self-Care
- Conclusion
- Exercise 9.1. Mapping Your Community
- Chapter 10. Confronting Racism in Agencies and Organizations
- Terminology
- Types of Organizations
- How Racism Is Manifested in Social Service Organizations
- Policies
- Interpersonal Relationships
- Organizational Power
- Resources Devoted to Anti-Racism
- Developmental Models of Organizational Change
- The Process of Becoming an Anti-Racism Organization
- Mission Statement
- Project Group
- Assessment and Prioritization
- An Anti-Racism Audit
- Conclusion
- Exercise 10.1. Anti-Racism Agency Assessment
- Chapter 11. Cross-Racial Clinical Work
- First Steps
- Social Identity
- Culture, Values, and Worldview
- Power
- Legacies of Racism Seen in Clinical Work
- Anger
- Rage
- Guilt
- Shame
- Stress and Trauma
- Grief and Mourning
- Theoretical Biases
- Barriers to Effective Cross-Racial Clinical Work
- Internalized Racism
- Inattention to Power and Privilege
- Defensive Racial Dynamics
- Guidelines for Effective Cross-Racial Clinical Work
- Working with Social Identity
- Focusing on Strengths
- Listening and Observing
- Working with Racial Transference and Counter-Transference
- Ability to Tolerate and Respond to Strong Affect
- Situating Clients in Their Historical and Social Context
- Mirroring and Empathy
- Bringing up Issues of Race and Racism
- Responding to Bias
- Issues for Clinicians Who Identify as White
- Issues for Clinicians Who Identify as People of Color or Multiracial
- Supervision and Consultation
- Structural and Environmental Issues
- Environment
- Access
- Staffing and Board Representation
- Conclusion
- Exercise 11.1. Crossed Racial Identity between Worker and Client
- Exercise 11.2. Exploring Emotions
- Chapter 12. Teaching about Racism
- Examples
- Regina
- Alicia
- Michael
- Course and Class Structure
- Classroom Climate
- Classroom Safety
- Classroom Norms
- Caucus Groups
- Instructor Self-Awareness
- Resistance
- Supporting Anti-Racism Teaching
- Understanding Students
- Teaching Strategies and Techniques
- Exercises
- Interviewing in Fairs
- Maintaining Balance
- Availability of Teachers
- Feeling Stuck
- Conclusion
- Exercise 12.1.
- Chapter 13. Dismantling Racism: Creating the Web of Resistance
- Creating the Web of Resistance
- Core Values
- The Intrapersonal Realm: Introspection and Education
- The Interpersonal Realm: Engaging in Dialogue/Working in Coalitions
- The Organizational Realm: Creating Anti-Racism Organizations
- The Community Realm: Creating Inclusive Communities
- Being Heard: The Realm of Discourse and Culture
- The Political and Social Realm: Laws, Institutions, and Practices
- Maintaining Motivation
- Self-Care
- Self-Compassion
- Avoiding Humiliating Others
- Working Together
- Taking the Long View
- Valuing the Process as Well as the Product
- Growing as Activists
- Eternal Vigilance
- Exercise 13.1. Anti-Racism Activist Self-Audit
- Exercise 13.2. Confronting Racism Without Humiliating Others
- Appendix 8-1. Study Circles Dialogues
- Appendix 8-2. Steps to Successful Intergroup Conversation: A Critical-Dialogic Model
- Appendix 9-1. Issues to Consider When Confronting Institutional Racism
- Appendix 10-1. Activities Toward Becoming an Anti-Racist Organization
- Appendix 11-1. Cultural Values and Worldviews
- Appendix 11-2. Culturally Influenced Behaviors
- Appendix 11-3. Questions about Cross-Cultural Contacts
- Appendix 11-4. Further Reading about Cross-Racial/Cultural Clinical Practice
- Appendix 12-1. Imaginary Letter
- References
- Index