Physics and radiobiology of nuclear medicine.
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Author / Creator: | Saha, Gopal B. |
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Edition: | 3rd ed. |
Imprint: | New York : Springer, c2006. |
Description: | xvi, 320 p. ; 25 cm. |
Language: | English |
Subject: | Medical physics. Nuclear medicine. Radiobiology. Nuclear Medicine. Biophysics. Radiobiology. Medical physics. Nuclear medicine. Radiobiology. |
Format: | Print Book |
URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/6018961 |
Table of Contents:
- Preface
- Chapter 1. Structure of Matter
- Matter and Energy
- Radiation
- The Atom
- Electronic Structure of the Atom
- Structure of the Nucleus
- Nuclear Binding Energy
- Nuclear Nomenclature
- Chart of the Nuclides
- Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Chapter 2. Radioactive Decay
- Spontaneous Fission
- Isomeric Transition
- Gamma ([gamma])-Ray Emission
- Internal Conversion
- Alpha ([alpha])-Decay
- Beta ([beta superscript -])-Decay
- Positron ([beta superscript +])-Decay
- Electron Capture
- Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Chapter 3. Kinetics of Radioactive Decay
- Radioactive Decay Equations
- General Equation
- Half-Life
- Mean Life
- Effective Half-life
- Units of Radioactivity
- Specific Activity
- Calculation
- Successive Decay Equations
- General Equation
- Transient Equilibrium
- Secular Equilibrium
- Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Chapter 4. Statistics of Radiation Counting
- Error, Accuracy, and Precision
- Mean and Standard Deviation
- Gaussian Distribution
- Standard Deviation of Count Rates
- Propagation of Errors
- Chi-Square Test
- Minimum Detectable Activity
- Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests
- Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Chapter 5. Production of Radionuclides
- Cyclotron-Produced Radionuclides
- Reactor-Produced Radionuclides
- Fission or (n, f) Reaction
- Neutron Capture or (n, [gamma]) Reaction
- Target and Its Processing
- Equation for Production of Radionuclides
- Radionuclide Generators
- [superscript 99]Mo-[superscript 99m]Tc Generator
- Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Chapter 6. Interaction of Radiation with Matter
- Interaction of Charged Particles with Matter
- Specific Ionization
- Linear Energy Transfer
- Range
- Bremsstrahlung
- Annihilation
- Interaction of [gamma]-Radiations with Matter
- Mechanism of Interaction of [gamma]-Radiations
- Attenuation of [gamma]-Radiations
- Interaction of Neutrons with Matter
- Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Chapter 7. Gas-Filled Detectors
- Principles of Gas-Filled Detectors
- Ionization Chambers
- Cutie Pie Survey Meter
- Dose Calibrator
- Pocket Dosimeter
- Geiger-Muller Counters
- Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Chapter 8. Scintillation and Semiconductor Detectors
- Scintillation Detectors
- Solid Scintillation Detectors
- Semiconductor Detectors
- Solid Scintillation Counters
- NaI(Tl) Detector
- Photomultiplier Tube
- Preamplifier
- Linear Amplifier
- Pulse-Height Analyzer
- Display or Storage
- Gamma-Ray Spectrometry
- Photopeak
- Compton Valley, Edge, and Plateau
- Characteristic X-Ray Peak
- Backscatter Peak
- Iodine Escape Peak
- Annihilation Peak
- Coincidence Peak
- Liquid Scintillation Counters
- Characteristics of Counting Systems
- Energy Resolution
- Detection Efficiency
- Dead Time
- Gamma Well Counters
- Calibration of Well Counters
- Counting in Well Counters
- Effects of Sample Volume
- Thyroid Probe
- Thyroid Uptake Measurement
- Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Chapter 9. Gamma Cameras
- Gamma Cameras
- Principles of Operation
- Detector
- Collimator
- Photomultiplier Tube
- X-, Y-Positioning Circuit
- Pulse-Height Analyzer
- Display and Storage
- Digital Cameras
- Solid State Digital Cameras
- Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Chapter 10. Performance Parameters of Gamma Cameras
- Spatial Resolution
- Intrinsic Resolution
- Collimator Resolution
- Scatter Resolution
- Evaluation of Spatial Resolution
- Bar Phantom
- Line-Spread Function
- Modular Transfer Function
- Sensitivity
- Collimator Efficiency
- Uniformity
- Pulse-Height Variation
- Nonlinearity
- Edge Packing
- Gamma Camera Tuning
- Effects of High Counting Rates
- Contrast
- Q`ality Control Tests for Gamma Cameras
- Daily Checks
- Weekly Checks
- Annual or As-Needed Checks
- Questions
- References and Suggested Readings
- Chapter 11. Digital Computers in Nuclear Medicine
- Basics of a Computer
- Central Processing Unit
- Computer Memory
- External Storage Devices
- Input/Output Devices
- Operation of a Computer
- Digitization of Analog Data
- Digital-to-Analog Conversion
- Digital Images
- Application of Computers in Nuclear Medicine
- Digital Data Acquisition
- Static Study
- Dynamic Study
- Gated Study
- Reconstruction of Images
- Superimposition and Subtraction of Images
- Display
- Software and DICOM
- PACS
- Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Chapter 12. Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
- Tomographic Imaging
- Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
- Data Acquisition
- Image Reconstruction
- SPECT/CT
- Factors Affecting SPECT
- Performance of SPECT Cameras
- Spatial Resolution
- Sensitivity
- Other Parameters
- Quality Control Tests for SPECT Cameras
- Daily Tests
- Weekly Tests
- Quality Control Tests for CT Scanners
- Questions
- References and Suggested Readings
- Chapter 13. Position Emission Tomography
- Positron-Emitting Radionuclides
- Detector for PET
- PM Tubes and Pulse-Height Analyzers
- PET Scanners
- Block Detectors
- Coincidence Timing Window
- PET/CT Scanners
- Mobile PET or PET/CT
- Micro-PET
- Hybrid Gamma Cameras
- Data Acquisition
- Two-Dimensional Versus Three-Dimensional Data Acquisition
- Image Reconstruction
- Factors Affecting PET
- Normalization
- Photon Attenuation Correction
- Random Coincidences
- Scatter Coincidences
- Dead Time
- Radial Elongation
- Performance of PET Scanners
- Spatial Resolution
- Sensitivity
- Noise Equivalent Count Rate
- Quality Control Tests for PET Scanners
- Daily Tests
- Weekly Tests
- Questions
- References and Suggested Readings
- Chapter 14. Internal Radiation Dosimetry
- Radiation Units
- Dose Calculation
- Radiation Dose Rate
- Cumulative Radiation Dose
- Radiation Dose in SI Units
- Effective Dose Equivalent and Effective Dose
- Pediatric Dosages
- Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Chapter 15. Radiation Biology
- The Cell
- Effects of Radiation
- DNA Molecule
- Chromosome
- Direct and Indirect Actions of Radiation
- Radiosensitivity of Cells
- Cell Survival Curves
- Factors Affecting Radiosensitivity
- Dose Rate
- Linear Energy Transfer
- Chemicals
- Stage of Cell Cycle
- Classification of Radiation Damage
- Stochastic and Deterministic Effects
- Acute Effects of Total Body Irradiation
- Hemopoietic Syndrome
- Gastrointestinal Syndrome
- Cerebrovasculor Syndrome
- Long-Term Effects of Radiation
- Somatic Effects
- Genetic Effects
- Risk Versus Benefit in Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
- Risk to Pregnant Women
- Dirty Bombs
- Types of Radiation Exposure
- Protective Measures in Case of Explosion of a Dirty Bomb
- Verification Card for Radioactive Patients
- Radiation Phobia
- Questions
- References and Suggested Readings
- Chapter 16. Radiation Regulations and Protection
- Sources of Radiation Exposure
- License
- Radiation Protection
- Definition of Terms
- Caution Signs and Labels
- Occupational Dose Limits
- ALARA Program
- Principles of Radiation Protection
- Personnel Monitoring
- Dos and Don'ts in Radiation Protection Practice
- Bioassay
- Receiving and Monitoring Radioactive Packages
- Radioactive Waste Disposal
- Radioactive Spill
- Recordkeeping
- Medical Uses of Radioactive Materials
- Applications, Amendments, and Notifications
- Authority and Responsibilities of the Licensee
- Supervision
- Mobile Nuclear Medicine Service
- Written Directives
- Measurement of Dosages
- Calibration, Transmission, and Reference Sources
- Requirement for Possession of Sealed Sources
- Labeling of Vials and Syringes
- Surveys of Ambient Radiation Exposure Rate
- Calibration of Survey Instruments
- Training and Experience Requirements for Medical Uses of By-Product Materials
- Report and Notification of a Medical Event
- Report and Notification of a Dose to an Embryo/Fetus or a Nursing Child
- Release of Patients Administered with Radiopharmaceuticals
- Recordkeeping
- Transportation of Radioactive Materials
- European Regulations Governing Radiopharmaceuticals
- Questions
- References and Suggested Readings
- Appendix A. Units and Constants
- Appendix B. Terms Used in Texts
- Appendix C. Answers to Questions
- Index