Vessel-source marine pollution : the law and politics of international regulation /
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| Author / Creator: | Tan, Alan Khee-Jin. |
|---|---|
| Imprint: | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2006. |
| Description: | xxxv, 416 p. ; 24 cm. |
| Language: | English |
| Series: | Cambridge studies in international and comparative law |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/5820974 |
Table of Contents:
- Foreword
- Preface
- Table of Conventions
- Table of European Union Instruments
- Table of IMO Resolutions and Guidelines
- Table of Miscellaneous Instruments
- Table of Domestic Legislation
- Table of Cases (International Courts and Tribunals)
- Abbreviations
- Part A. The Regulation of Vessel-Source Pollution in its Eco-Political Context
- 1. Vessel-Source Pollution, the Ecological Imperative and the Compliance Problem
- 1. Overview
- 2. Regulating the Sources of Marine Pollution
- 3. Whither the Freedom of Navigation?
- 4. Technical Issues and Jurisdiction over Ships
- 5. Outline of Analysis
- 2. The Dynamics of the Law-Making Process: Actors, Arenas and Interests
- 1. Overview
- 2. Key Actors in the Decision-Making Process
- 2.1. The Maritime Interests
- 2.1.1. The Shipowners and Operators
- 2.1.2. The Cargo Owners and Charterers
- 2.1.3. The Protection and Indemnity (P&I) Clubs and the Marine Insurers
- 2.1.4. The Classification Societies
- 2.1.5. The Military Interests
- 2.1.6. The Flag States and Open Registries
- 2.1.7. States with Maritime Interests
- 2.2. The Coastal/Environmental Interests
- 2.2.1. The Environmental Non-Governmental Organisations
- 2.2.2. Public Opinion and Media Reaction
- 2.2.3. States with Coastal Interests
- 2.3. The Developing Countries
- 3. Major Arenas for Decision-Making
- 3.1. International Fora: The International Maritime Organization (IMO)
- 3.1.1. IMO's Initial Years
- 3.1.2. The Constitutive Structure of IMO
- 3.1.3. IMO and Maritime Conventions
- 3.2. International Fora - United Nations Bodies and Specialised Agencies
- 3.3. Regional Fora
- 3.3.1. Legal and Political Developments in Europe
- 3.3.2. Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) on Port State Control
- 3.4. Domestic Fora - Agitation Within States
- 4. Marine Pollution Regulation and the Interplay of Interests
- 4.1. The Relative Capacities of the Relevant Actors
- 4.2. The Contemporary Political Dynamics at IMO
- Part B. Vessel-Source Pollution and the International Legislative Process
- 3. Vessel-Source Pollution and Regime Formation
- 1. Pollution Control Standards and Reception Facilities
- 1.1. Early Regulatory Efforts
- 1.2. The OILPOL Regime and the Load-On-Top (LOT) System
- 1.3. MARPOL 73
- 1.3.1. Annex I and Segregated Ballast Tanks (SBTs)
- 1.3.2. Annexes II to V
- 1.4. MARPOL 73/78 and Crude Oil Washing (COW)
- 1.5. The Double Hull Requirement
- 1.5.1. The Exxon Valdez and the 1992 Amendments
- 1.5.2. The Erika and the 2001 Amendments
- 1.5.3. The Prestige and the 2003 Amendments
- 2. Air Pollution from Ships
- 3. Anti-Fouling Systems and Tributyl Tin (TBT) Contamination
- 4. Harmful Aquatic Organisms and Ballast Water Management
- 5. Conclusion
- 4. Jurisdiction over Vessel-Source Marine Pollution
- 1. The Concept of 'Jurisdiction' in Marine Pollution
- 2. Early Attempts to Extend Coastal State Jurisdiction
- 3. Jurisdiction under the MARPOL Regime
- 3.1. Prescriptive Jurisdiction under MARPOL 73
- 3.2. Enforcement Jurisdiction under MARPOL 73
- 3.3. The 1978 MARPOL Protocol
- 4. The 1982 UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III)
- 4.1. The Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC) and Part XII on the Marine Environment
- 4.2. The Allocation of State Jurisdiction under the LOSC
- 4.2.1. Flag State Jurisdiction
- 4.2.2. Coastal State Jurisdiction
- 4.2.3. Port State Jurisdiction
- 5. Conclusion
- 5. Implementation and Compliance
- 1. Overview
- 2. Ratification, Incorporation into Domestic Law and Implementation
- 3. The Enforcement Obligations of States
- 3.1. Pollution Control Standards and State Enforcement Records
- 3.1.1. Discharge vs. Equipment Standards
- 3.1.2. State Enforcement of Pollution Control Standards
- 3.2. The Provision of Waste Reception Facilities in Ports
- 3.3. Reporting on Implementation Activities
- 3.3.1. Reporting on the Provision of Reception Facilities
- 3.3.2. Reporting on Enforcement Action
- 4. Conclusion
- 6. Liability and Compensation
- 1. Overview
- 2. The 1969 Civil Liability Convention (CLC 69)
- 2.1. Developments Preceding CLC 69
- 2.2. The 1969 Brussels Conference
- 3. The 1971 Fund Convention (FUND 71)
- 3.1. Developments Preceding FUND 71
- 3.2. The 1971 FUND Conference
- 4. Amendments to TOVALOP/CRISTAL and CLC/FUND
- 4.1. Revising the Industry Initiatives
- 4.2. Developments Preceding the 1984 Conference
- 4.3. The 1984 IMO Conference
- 4.4. Further Revision of TOVALOP and CRISTAL
- 5. Liability and Compensation in the United States
- 5.1. The Exxon Valdez and Developments Preceding OPA-90
- 5.2. Implications of OPA-90
- 6. The 1992 Protocols to the CLC and FUND Conventions
- 7. Pollution by Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS)
- 8. Pollution by Bunker Fuel Oils
- 9. The Liability and Compensation Regimes: Concluding Analysis
- Part C. The Future of Regulation
- 7. Challenges and Prescriptions
- 1. Improving Institutional Responses
- 1.1. Pro-active Rule-Making by IMO
- 1.2. Prompt Entry into Force for Conventions
- 1.3. Ensuring Effective Enforcement and Compliance
- 1.3.1. Market Discrimination Against Sub-standard Shipping
- 1.3.2. Liability of Non-Owner Interests
- 1.3.3. Return of the Developed State Flags
- 1.3.4. Tightening Flag State Obligations
- 1.3.5. Enhancing Port State Control
- 1.4. Enforcement Powers for IMO
- 2. Enhancing Equity in Representation and Responsibilities
- 2.1. Reforming IMO
- 2.1.1. Institutional and Financial Equity
- 2.1.2. Discipline in Agenda-Setting
- 2.2. States and the Provision of Reception Facilities
- 2.3. The Cargo Interests and Burden-Sharing
- 2.4. Shipowners and Intra-Industry Co-operation
- 3. Final Thoughts
- Bibliography
- Index