| Summary: | The present collection of articles is the 13th in the Molengrafica Series under the aegis of the Molengraaff Institute for Private Law, a series which has been issued since 1988. In the Series some of the results emanating from research carried out in the fields of international commercial contracts and intellectual property law are published. This research was carried out during the last decade by researchers belonging both to the faculty of the Institute and working incidentally or regularly in cooperation with the Institute. In each issue of the Series the approach is comparative with special attention being paid to legal develop-ments in Europe. The present collection of articles is devoted to various aspects of substantive contract law which present themselves in the course of entering into a contract. Such aspects are the questions as to what law should apply to the formation and the content of such contracts, whether harmonisation in whatever form is appropriate and feasible in this respect, and if not, what role private international law should play here, and finally whether or not a distinction should be made in this context between personal contracts and commercial contracts. This was the theme of the conference organized by the Institute's Center for Intellectual Property Law (CIER) in November 2001. Most of the papers which were contributed to that conference are presented in this issue. This issue clarifies why the law comes into play with regard to the indicated theme. Indeed, it is a commonly shared belief all over the world that creation and innovation require legal protection in order to flourish, and thus both on a national and an international level. With regard to the conference theme, the issue had to be addressed whether legal protection under an intellectual property law regime would provide adequate legal recognition and respect to individuals and communities whose acts and products are difficult to reconcile with todays dominant Western legal concepts. In particular it was questioned whether traditional intellectual property law, either in an unaltered or in an adapted way, had a role to play here. It appeared that the first thing to do in that respect is to acknowledge that intellectual property law is not only about conferring property rights and allowing them to become weapons in the competition between entrepreneurs. This is because intellectual property law also has the function of fostering and furthering cultural and economic life in a broad perspective on behalf of society at large.
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