Laser doppler and phase doppler measurement techniques /
Saved in:
| Imprint: | Berlin ; New York : Springer, c2003. |
|---|---|
| Description: | xiii, 738 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. |
| Language: | English |
| Series: | Experimental fluid mechanics |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/4849377 |
Table of Contents:
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Historical Perspective
- 1.2. Use of the Book
- Part I. Fundamentals
- 2. Basic Measurement Principles
- 2.1. Laser Doppler Technique
- 2.2. Phase Doppler Technique
- 2.3. Time-Shift Technique
- 3. Fundamentals of Light Propagation and Optics
- 3.1. Electromagnetic Waves
- 3.1.1. Description of Electromagnetic Waves
- 3.1.2. Polarization
- 3.1.3. Boundary Conditions and Fresnel Coefficients
- 3.1.4. Laser Beams
- 3.1.5. Optical Mixing of Electromagnetic Waves
- 3.1.6. The Doppler Effect
- 3.2. Optical Components
- 3.2.1. Matrix Transformation for Imaging
- 3.2.2. Propagation of Laser Beams Through Lenses and Apertures
- 3.2.3. Optical Gratings and Bragg Cells
- 3.2.4. Optical Fibers
- 3.2.5. Photodetectors
- 4. Light Scattering from Small Particles
- 4.1. Scattering of a Plane Wave
- 4.1.1. Description using Geometrical Optics (GO)
- 4.1.2. Description using Lorenz-Mie Theory and Debye Series
- 4.1.3. Scattering Characteristics for a Plane Wave
- 4.2. Scattering of an Inhomogeneous Field
- 4.2.1. Extension to the Method of Geometrical Optics (EGO)
- 4.2.2. Description using Fourier Lorenz-Mie Theory (FLMT)
- 4.2.3. Scattering Characteristics of an Inhomogeneous Field
- 4.3. Characteristic Quantities of Light Scattered by Small Particles
- Part II. Measurement Principles
- 5. Signal Generation in Laser Doppler and Phase Doppler Systems
- 5.1. The Signal From an Arbitrarily Positioned Detector
- 5.1.1. Fundamental Relations
- 5.1.2. Signals from very Small Particles
- 5.1.3. Signals from Large Particles
- 5.1.4. Visibility of the Signal
- 5.1.5. Shift Frequency Influence
- 5.1.6. Measurement and Detection Volumes
- 5.1.7. Statistical Time Series of Particle Signals
- 5.2. Laser Doppler Technique
- 5.2.1. Dual-Beam Configuration
- 5.2.2. Reference-Beam Configuration
- 5.3. Particle Sizing with Phase Doppler and Time-Shift Technique
- 5.3.1. Determination of Incident and Glare Point Positions
- 5.3.2. Phase Doppler Technique
- 5.3.3. Reference Phase Doppler Technique
- 5.3.4. Time-Shift Technique
- 5.4. Refractive Index Determination
- 5.5. Moiré Models
- 6. Signal Detection, Processing and Validation
- 6.1. Review of Some Fundamentals
- 6.1.1. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
- 6.1.2. Correlation Function
- 6.1.3. Hilbert Transform
- 6.1.4. Signal Noise
- 6.1.5. Cramèr-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB)
- 6.2. Signal Detection
- 6.3. Estimation of the Doppler Frequency
- 6.3.1. Spectral Analysis
- 6.3.2. Correlation Techniques
- 6.3.3. Period Timing Devices
- 6.3.4. Quadrature Demodulation
- 6.4. Determination of Signal Phase
- 6.4.1. Cross-Spectral Density
- 6.4.2. Covariance Methods
- 6.4.3. Quadrature Methods
- 6.5. Model-Based Signal Processing
- 6.5.1. Fundamentals
- 6.5.2. Example Applications
- 7. Laser Doppler Systems
- 7.1. Input Parameters from the Flow and Test Rig
- 7.1.1. Description of the Flow Field
- 7.1.2. Necessary Spatial and Temporal Resolution
- 7.1.3. Flow and Flow-Rig Parameters
- 7.2. Components and Layout of the Transmitting Optics
- 7.2.1. Collimators
- 7.2.2. Beamsplitters and Polarizers
- 7.2.3. Methods for Achieving Directional Sensitivity
- 7.2.4. Generation of the Measurement Volume
- 7.3. Layout of Receiving Optics
- 7.4. System Description
- 7.4.1. One-Velocity Component Systems
- 7.4.2. Two-Velocity Component Systems
- 7.4.3. Three-Velocity Component Systems
- 7.4.4. Multi-Point Systems
- 7.5. Laser Transit Velocimetry
- 8. Phase Doppler Systems
- 8.1. Selection of the Optical Configuration
- 8.2. Single-Point Phase Doppler Systems
- 8.2.1. Three-detector, Standard Phase Doppler System
- 8.2.2. Planar Phase Doppler System
- 8.2.3. Dual-Mode Phase Doppler
- 8.2.4. Dual-Burst Technique
- 8.2.5. Extended Phase Doppler Technique
- 8.2.6. Reference Phase Doppler Technique
- 8.3. Further Design Considerations for Phase Doppler Systems
- 8.3.1. Influence of the Gaussian Beam
- 8.3.2. Slit Effect
- 8.3.3. Non-Spherical and Inhomogeneous Particles
- 8.4. Multi-Dimensional Sizing Techniques
- 8.4.1. Interferometric Particle Imaging (IPI)
- 8.4.2. Global Phase Doppler (GPD) Technique
- 8.4.3. Concentration Limits
- 9. Further Particle Sizing Methods Based on the Laser Doppler Technique
- 9.1. Techniques B ased o n Signal Amplitude
- 9.1.1. Cross-sectional Area Difference Technique
- 9.1.2. Combined Laser Doppler and White Light Sizer
- 9.2. Time-Shift Technique
- 9.2.1. Time-Shift Technique in Forward Scatter
- 9.2.2. Time-Shift Technique in Backscatter
- 9.3. Rainbow Refractometry
- 9.4. Shadow Doppler Technique
- Part III. Data Processing
- 10. Fundamentals of Data Processing
- 10.1. Statistical Principles
- 10.2. Stationary Random Processes
- 10.3. Estimator Expectation and Variance
- 10.3.1. Estimators for the Mean
- 10.3.2. Estimators for Higher Order Correlations
- 10.3.3. Estimators for Transient Processes
- 10.4. Propagation of Errors
- 11. Processing of Laser Doppler Data
- 11.1. Estimation of Moments
- 11.2. Estimation of Turbulent Velocity Spectra
- 11.2.1. The Slotting Technique
- 11.2.2. Reconstruction with FFT
- 11.2.3. Post-Processing Steps
- 11.3. Correlation Estimates from Multi-Point Systems
- 11.4. Measurements in Transient Processes
- 11.4.1. Effect of Window Size on Phase and Ensemble Statistics
- 11.4.2. Energy Partitioning in Transient Flows
- 11.5. Data Simulation
- 12. Processing of Phase Doppler Data
- 12.1. Validation Procedures
- 12.1.1. SNR Validation
- 12.1.2. Phase Difference Validation
- 12.1.3. Sphericity Validation
- 12.1.4. Amplitude Validation
- 12.1.5. Transit Time Validation
- 12.2. Particle Statistics
- 12.2.1. Flux Density Vectors and Concentration
- 12.2.2. Distribution of Particles
- 12.2.3. Geometry of the Detection Volume
- 12.2.4. Estimation of the Number of Particles
- 12.2.5. Summary and Examples
- 12.3. Post-Processing of Phase Doppler Data
- 12.3.1. Particle Size Distributions
- 12.3.2. Mean Diameters
- 12.3.3. Non-Spherical and Inhomogeneous Particles
- Part IV. Application Issues
- 13. Choice of Particles and Particle Generation
- 13.1. Particle Motion in Flows
- 13.2. Particle Generation
- 13.2.1. Droplet Generation
- 13.2.2. Solid Particle Generation
- 13.3. Introducing Particles into the Flow
- 13.3.1. Liquid Flows
- 13.3.2. Gas Flows
- 13.3.3. Two-Phase Flows
- 13.3.4. Natural Seeding
- 14. System Design Considerations
- 14.1. System Design Guidelines
- 14.1.1. Laser Doppler Systems
- 14.1.2. Phase Doppler Systems
- 14.1.3. Alignment and Adjustment
- 14.2. System Design Examples
- 14.2.1. Velocity Measurements in a Narrow Channel Flow
- 14.2.2. Drop Size Measurements in a Diesel Injector Spray
- 14.3. Refractive Index Matching
- 14.3.1. Matching with Flow Containment
- 14.3.2. Matching for Variable Density
- Appendix
- List of Symbols and Acronyms
- Derivation of Equations Describing a Laser Beam
- Internal and Near Field Solution
- Bibliography
- References
- Books (or parts thereof) on the Laser or Phase Doppler Techniques
- Periodicals Dealing with the Laser or Phase Doppler Techniques
- Conference Series devoted to Laser or Phase Doppler Techniques
- Index
