Pharmaceutical economics and policy /
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| Author / Creator: | Schweitzer, Stuart O. |
|---|---|
| Imprint: | New York : Oxford University Press, 1997. |
| Description: | ix, 246 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. |
| Language: | English |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/3309398 |
Table of Contents:
- Introduction
- The Supply of Pharmaceuticals
- The Demand for Pharmaceuticals
- Pharmaceutical Prices
- The Multinational Pharmaceutical Industry
- International Price Comparisons
- Timing of Pharmaceutical Approvals
- Government Intervention in the Pharmaceutical Sector
- Part I. The Industry
- 1. The Pharmaceutical Industry
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development
- The Competitive Structure of the Pharmaceutical Industry
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development and Prices
- The Pharmaceutical Research Process
- Product Liability
- Conclusions
- 2. The Biotechnology Industry
- Background
- Product Development in the Biotechnology Industry
- The Natural History of Biotechnology Firms
- Case Studies of Alliances
- Regulation
- Case Studies of Biotechnology Firm Growth
- Conclusions
- 3. Other Firms in the Pharmaceutical Industry
- Generic Drugs and Their Manufacturers
- Outsourcing Firms
- Conclusions
- 4. Marketing Pharmaceuticals
- Size of Marketing Effort
- Does It Work?
- Types of Promotion
- Disguising Marketing as Research
- Marketing in an Era of Managed Care
- Pharmacy Benefit Managers
- Direct-to-Consumer Advertising
- Over-the-Counter Drugs
- Joint Marketing
- Disease Management
- Roles of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in Marketing
- False and Misleading Claims
- Part II. The Consumer
- 5. The Demand for Pharmaceuticals
- How Is Demand Determined?
- The Changing Structure of the Pharmaceutical Market
- Conclusions
- Part III. The Market
- 6. Pharmaceutical Prices
- The Problem of Pharmaceutical Prices
- Pharmaceutical Prices over Time
- Measuring Drug Prices
- How Are Drug Prices Determined?
- Cost Structure of Pharmaceutical Firms
- Is the Pharmaceutical Industry Monopolistic?
- How Drug Quality Influences Price
- 7. The Worldwide Market for Pharmaceuticals
- Geographic Patterns of Pharmaceutical Production and Sales
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development: An International View
- Does Government Drug Price Setting Influence R&D?
- Worldwide Manufacturing and Sales
- Access to Appropriate Drugs in Developing Countries
- Effect of the World Trade Organization Treaty
- 8. Pricing Pharmaceuticals in a World Environment
- Why Do Drug Prices Vary Across Country?
- Comparisons of International Drug Prices
- How Do We Measure Drug Prices across Countries?
- Why Drug Price Differences Persist
- Policy Implications
- 9. The Timing of Drug Approvals in the United States and Abroad
- The Timing of Pharmaceutical Approvals and Health Policy
- The Drug Approval Process in the United States
- Recent Initiatives to Expedite Drug Approvals
- Is There a U.S. Drug Lag?
- Part IV. Intervention in the Pharmaceutical Market: Public and Private
- 10. Pharmaceutical Regulation and Cost Containment by the Public Sector
- Evolution of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- Medicaid
- State Cost-Containment Efforts
- Medicare
- 11. Regulation by the Private Sector
- Cost-Containment Mechanisms
- Cost Containment in Managed Care
- 12. Pharmaceutical Regulation in Europe
- The Pharmaceutical Industry in Europe
- History of Regulation in Europe
- Move Toward a Single Market
- Structure and Role of the European Medicines Evaluation Agency
- Drug Review under the European Medicines Evaluation Agency
- Current Regulatory Structure
- The Centralized Procedure for Marketing Authorization
- The Mutual-Recognition Procedure
- Performance of Europe's Centralized Drug Approval
- Rules on Labeling of Medicinal Products
- Advertising Regulations
- Pharmacovigilance
- Generic Drugs
- 13. Patent Protection
- Patent Law
- Patentability and Patent Categories
- How Are Patents Obtained?
- What Protection Does a Patent Confer?
- Duration of Patent Protection
- Infringement of Patents
- International Patent Treaties
- Patent Procedures under International Conventions
- Shortcomings of the Patent System
- Patents and Societal Choice
- Social Benefits of the Patent System
- 14. Evaluating New Drugs
- Optimizing Production of Health
- Cost-Benefit Analysis
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
- Cost-Utility Analysis
- Policy Applications
- Interpretation and Misinterpretation of Cost-Effectiveness Studies
- 15. Complementary and Alternative Medicines
- Who Uses Complementary and Alternative Medicines?
- Manufacturers and Distributors of Complementary and Alternative Medicines
- Dietary Supplements
- Food Additives
- Medical Foods
- Concluding Remarks on Complementary and Alternative Medicines
- 16. Pharmaceuticals and Health Policy: A Look Ahead
- Structure of the Pharmaceutical Industry
- Health System Reform
- Drug Prices
- Drug Imports
- Patent Protection
- Drug Approvals
- Managed Care and Restricted Access to Pharmaceuticals
- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- Genetically Targeted Drugs
- Conclusions
- Index